None of the known methods helped to protect the ether from the specific noise, as the radar sometimes changed its frequency and tone, but it was getting on people’s nerves, so several countries like Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and others voiced their protest to the USSR for breaking an international convention for radio frequency allocation.The Wada Elementary School deep in the mountainous part of Nara prefecture turned out to be one of my most beautiful and memorable explorations.Ībandoned elementary schools are a dime a dozen in Japan if you include the ones that are just closed, then there are even more. The sound was similar to frequent knocking, so ‘Duga’ was nicknamed the ‘Russian woodpecker’. It was soon established that the source was located in the territory of the USSR. The radar was sending its impulses about ten times a second and, from 1976 (while both complexes were operating in test mode), this signal began to appear in the radio ether in many countries. Sergey Babakov, a historian of the Chernobyl Museum in Kiev, recalls that even some Soviet officers had no idea what the complex was built for and some people believed it was a weapon to destroy the enemy with an electric impulse. ‘Duga’ was top-secret, so practically nobody knew the origin of the sounds. The complex started operating on November 7, 1971. After the construction was finished, it took the specialists a year to adjust ‘Duga’ to locate the targets correctly. The workers of a machine shop in Dnipropetrovsk (now known as Dnipro, 400 kilometers south-east of Kiev) couldn’t fulfill this task themselves, so Kuzminsky formed extra brigades of specialists to help. The making of these transmission units was fraught with danger and difficulties. It appeared to be huge: its receiving antenna was 135 meters high and 300 meters long, the transmission antenna - 85 meters high and 210 meters long and there also was a 90-meter long building with 26 huge two-floor transmission units. The project was code named ‘Duga’ (“Arc”). The method needed tests, so, in the middle of the 1960s, the construction of the first experimental over-the-horizon radar was started in the territory of Ukrainian Soviet Republic, near the city of Nikolaev (480 kilometers south-east of Kiev). This method could serve to track the missiles, too: the radio waves would just reflect the plasma gas trace of the missile instead of a plane. The method of Kabanov worked the following way: a source sends a radio wave, it locates a plane at a distance of 900-4,000 kilometers, reflects off the plane and returns to a receiving antenna that analyzes the signal and finds out the size, speed and the direction of the flying object. It was discovered that approximately at the height of 300 kilometers, the ionosphere reflects the radio waves, which enables them to travel around the earth. It worked with the ionosphere - the upper layer of the Earth’s atmosphere at the altitude of 60-1,000 kilometers that contains a lot of free electrons because of so-called space radiation. The researchers, headed by engineer Frants Kuzminsky, turned to a method that scientist Nikolai Kabanov had invented in 1946 to locate planes early. The problem appeared at the second level: physicists didn’t have the technology to make the over-the-horizon radars. Former Duga Military Radar System In The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
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